Agrochemical Principles of Targetting Winter Wheat Yield on Leached Chernozem of the Stavropol Elevation

Alexander Nikolaevich Esaulko, Elena Alexandrovna Salenko, Maksim Sergeevich Sigida, Sergey Alexandrovich Korostylev and Evgeniy Valerievich Golosnoy

Stavropol State Agrarian University, Russia,355017, Stavropol, per. Zootehnichesky 12, Russia.

ABSTRACT: Winter wheat is one of the most common major food crops in the world. Wheat grain value is determined by high content of protein, fat, and carbohydrates. Cultivation of winter wheat is beneficial, as the resulting product has a low cost. Winter wheat is a high-yield crop (second only to rice). The average yield of the winter wheat in the Russian Federation is 30 t/ha, while in the advanced farms it reaches to 50-60 t/ha. The highest yield in the Russian Federation was obtained in the Krasnodar Territory, amounting for 103.6 kg/ha, whereas worldwide, in Canada - 170 kg/ha. Protein content greatly depends on soil and climatic conditions. In wheat and other crops, protein content increases in the regions from north to south and from east to west. Aridity of air, solar radiation, high concentrations of nitrogen in the soil, and the level of agricultural technology affect the quality of the grain. The Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Plant Physiology of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education (FSBI HPO) “Stavropol State Agrarian University” carried out studies in the 2010-2014 on leached chernozem of the Stavropol elevation. The conducted studies aimed at targeting of winter wheat (Zustrich cultivar) yield in the zone of moderate humidity based on the optimization of fertilizer application. The article presents the four-year data on the effect of fertilization rates on the dynamics of labile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium in the soil layer of 0-20 cm, as well as on the yield and quality of winter wheat (Zustrich cultivar), cultivated on leached chernozem in the zone of erratic moistening of the Stavropol Territory. According to the results based on three years data, at the expected harvest of 6.0 t/ha, the reliability of the yield targeting on leached chernozem of Stavropol elevation, when applying N126P80K72, was 99% according to the calculation method suggested by V. Ageev (Esaulko and Ustimenko, 2014).

KEYWORDS: Weather conditions; Mineral fertilizers; Leached chernozem; Winter wheat; yield targeting

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