Indtrodiction

Water is the most vital necessity of life. It is in abundance 97.3% of the world’s water is ocean water i.e. salty and can not be used for agricultural, domestic and industrial purpose, 0.6% is stream’s and lake water and 2.1% (i.e. 8.5 x 10¹⁵ m³) is groundwater, occurs at the depth of 80 m to 150 m below the ground surface according to distribution. Ground water is an important source of water supply throughout the world. The increase in population coupled with unplanned urbanisation and industrialization has resulted damage and deterioration in ground water quality.

Bhopal is the capital of Madhya Pradesh. Water samples of bore-wells water are collected in 2 lit clean polythene jerry-canes after flushing the bore-wells to analysis. The procedure has adopted as prescribed by APHA (1985), NEERI (1986). Presiterilized battles are used to collect the D.O. and B.O.D. samples.

Table 1: Physico-chemical Analsysis of Borewells water of Karond area during 2009-10Mean seasonal values.

*Minimum                               **Maximum value

SS₁      =  Sindhi Colony                                  SS₅        =  P.G.B.T. Campus

SS₂      =  Kaji Camp                                        SS₆      =  Near Railway Crossing

SS₃      = DIG Bungalow                                SS₇      =  Karond Chouraha

SS₄      =  Gautam Nagar Thana                       SS₈      =  Arif Nagar (Near Union Carbide Factory)

Temperature, pH, EC in the present study is varied from 22-29^oC, 6.4-7.4, 292-712 mmhos/cm respectively, while free CO₂ chloride, Total alkalinity in the range of 6.2 – 36.8, 78-130 and 124-208 ppm respectively. Higher values are found at SS₈, the gas affected area of union carbide factory. Total Hardness Ca-H, Mg-H, D.O., B.O.D. & C.O.D. ranges from 64.8 at SS₁ – 180.4 at SS₈, 36.4 (at SS₂) – 160.2, 18.2 – 32.4, 1.16 – 1.90, 2.24 – 3.12 and 22.4 (at SS₅) – 78.8 (at SS₃) ppm respectively. Nitrate, SO₄² and F^– has found within the range of 4.8 (at SS₁) – 16.9, 34.2 – 90.4 and 0.6 – 1.2 (at SS₈) ppm respectively.

To estimate the number of presumptive coliforms (MPN count) present in water by inoculation of appropriate volume of a number of tubes of medium (Mac Conkey Brath) 10, 1 and 0.1 ml. of sample inoculated in 3 sets of 5 test tubes each containing 19 ml. of medium on inoculation, it is assumed that each test tube receives 1 ml. or more viable organisms (bacteria) in the inoculum to show positive (+)ve reaction and growth of bacteria in the medium used. MPN has ranged in this study from 6.4 (at SS₁) to 988 (at SS₇) / 100 ml. of sample is beyond the prescribed limit of WHO (1978) and IS:10500.

The findings are similar with those of Kataria (2000, 2005, 2009), Rangwala KS and P.S.Rangwala, Most of the parameters in the present study are found within the prescribed limits of IS:10500 while MPN, SO₄^—,  NO₃^–  & F^– are found in increasing trends.

Reference

1. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater APHA, 13^th ed., New York (1985).
2. IS:10500 : Indian Standard Specification for drinking water ISI, New Delhi (1988)
3. Kataria, H.C., Gupta S.S. and Jain, O.P., Poll. Res., 14(4), 455-562 (1996).
4. Kataria, H.C., Preliminary Study of Drinking Water of Pipariya Township, Poll. Res., 19(4), 645-649 (2000).
5. H.C. Kataria, et.al., Biochemical Evaluation of Groundwater of Karond area of Bhopal, India, Asian J. of Chemistry Vol. 17,No. 4, 2815-2817 (2005).
6. H.C. Kataria and Shahla Bux. : Hydrochemical analysis of groundwater of BHEL area of Bhopal city, IJEP 29 (8) : 705-709 (2009).
7. NEERI : Manual on Water and Wastewater Analysis, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 340 (1986).
8. Rangwala, K.S. and Rangwala P.S., Water supply and sanitary engineering character Publ. House Anand (Vely), India, 12^th Ed., 43, 44 (1927).
9. WHO, Environmental Health Criteria, 5, Genewa (1978).