Immunotherapy as an Optimal Manner in Cancer Treatment (Review Article)

Arezoo Gowhari Shabgah¹, Jamshid Gholizadeh Navashenaq¹, Mahdieh Mahboobi² and Hamid Sedighian³*

¹Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran. ²Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ³Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

ABSTRACT: Cancer is one of the main causes of mortality in worldwide. When the normal cell division and growth is distorted or on the other hand, the normal cell cycle control processes, which normally occur, are destroyed, the cells will be cancerous. In the event that these cells migrate to other places are known as malignant cancer. Scientists use different methods to treat cancer, such as surgery, chemotherapy, laser therapy. These methods may also cause damage to healthy cells. For this reason, a method is optimal for this purpose as it can involve the least side effects. Immunotherapy is a method in which abnormal cells are Identified and destroyed. Since the immune system is used as the major part in immunotherapy, it is an appropriate method for the purpose. The cancer cells can be detected by immune system and appropriate responses can be taken to them since they induce modifications on the surface, or display their specific antigens. Accordingly, the vaccines can be constructed by which the body will be resistance against cancer. Antigens, especially cancer-specific epitopes are important in vaccine developing. Nowadays scientists have developed several vaccines on this basis, including vaccines against prostate and breast cancers. In this study, we studied various methods of cancer treatment, and then studied the immunotherapy as optimal method in cancer treatment. Ultimately various methods of tumor escape from the immune system will be discussed.

KEYWORDS: Cancer; Immunotherapy; Optimal manner

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