Biodegradation of Solid Wastes of Agar Seaweed Processing Industry by Indigenous Cellulolytic Bacillus Pumilus LA4P

Ifah Munifah¹, Titi Candra Sunarti², Hari Eko Irianto³ and Anja Meryandini¹

¹Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia. ²Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia ³Research center for Fisheries Management and Conservation

DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/1862

ABSTRACT: Indonesia is known as the second seaweed producer in the world after China. Gracilaria sp seaweed is an important commodity in industry as raw material to produce agar and its derivate products. Solid wastes of seaweed processing industry (SWA) contain considerable amounts of cellulose. Cellulolytic bacteria were screened and isolated from the solid wastes of agar seaweed processing Industry in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. Among those isolates, LA4P strains showed higher potential for practical uses and identified as Bacillus pumilus strains by morphological, physiological, and biochemical characterization and 16S rRNA gene analysis. The optimum incubation time Bacillus pumilus LA4P in CMC broth (0.20 U/mL, 60 hours) relative shorter than 1% SWA broth (0.26 U/mL, 108 hours). The maximum enzyme production obtained using 2.5% SWA (0.34 U/mL). The test resulted that crude enzyme from Bacillus pumilus has a relatively high activity in the pH range 5-7 buffer at 0.23 U / mL and a temperature of 40 ⁰C. The thermal stability assay indicated that the activity was stable at 30 to 60⁰C after 15 minutes minutes incubation and it lost activity at 80 ⁰C after 60 minutes incubation. The production patterns of cellulose degrading enzymes were investigated during cell culture. HPLC analysis confirm the degradation of these SWA substrates into soluble sugars. The isolated strains produced CMCase, Avicelase, β-glucosidase, and cellobiase enzymes, suggesting synergic cellulolytic systems in Bacillus pumilus LA4P.

KEYWORDS: solid waste; Seaweed; cellulolytic bacteria; Bacillus pumilus LA4P

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