Study of Agronomically Important and Physiological Traitson Quantitative and Qualitative Yield of 15 Genotypes of Domestic and Forign Safflower

Elham Bina¹, Mohammad Javad Mirhadi¹*, Babak Delkhosh¹ and Amir Hassan Omidi²

¹Department of Agronomy,Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. ²Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran.

ABSTRACT: This experiment investigates a number of selected genotypes of safflower tocompare seed yield and oil percent in order to achieve high yield and high oilcultivars. 15 genotypes were studied . The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Parameters measured during the study includ seed yield, oil percentage, oil yield per hectare , effective pod number per plant, number of seeds per head, number of affecting branches in plant, height from soil surface, a thousand seed weight, biological yield per plant ( biomass ), harvest index, days to start bud, days to start flowering, days to 50 % flowering , days to end of flowering and days to maturity. After the traits measurement , the binary correlation between the traits was performed and correlation coefficients were calculated . The results of variance analysis showed that there is a significant diference at 1% among varieties for all traits except harvest index, the number of days to flowering, the number of days to end of flowering and the number of days to maturity. Golemehr with 3050 kg seeds and Padideh with 3059kg seeds per hectar were identified best cultivars among the varieties. Thorn less white flowerscultivars with 3011 kg seeds per hectare were placed at statistical class a. However, it should be noted that this cultivar due to the lack of colorful florets and Padideh cultivar due to thornscould not compete with Golemehr cultivar. Mec-7 cultivarwith 31.63 percent, and Mec-248 with 32 percent were the best varieties of the seed oil content. Thorn less white flowers cultivarwith 972 kg seeds per hectar, Golemehr cultivar with 878 kg seeds per hectar and Padideh cultivar with 863 kg seeds per hectar had the highest oil yield. Traits such as pod number per plant, biomass, oil yield, seed number per pod, number of branches and height show a significant positive correlation with seed yield per hectar and caused increased seed yield in sawflower yeild. Traits such as pod number per plant, seed at pod, height, biomass and seed yield show significant positive correlation with oil yield.

KEYWORDS: Safflower; SeedYield; Oil Percentage; Oil Yield; Agronomic Traits; Yield Components

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