Effect of Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Exercise on Abortion, Placental Vascularization, Human Chronic Gonadotropin Hormone and Birthweight

Shadi Barzanjeh¹, Hosein Mostafavi¹, Mohsen Alipour¹,Mehdi Eskandari^1*and Saeed Ghanbarzadeh²

¹Department of Medicinal Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.

²Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.

Corresponding Author E-mail: Mehdiesk@zums.ac.ir.

DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2336

ABSTRACT: The purposes of this investigation were toexamine the effects of exercise and smoking throughout pregnancy on placentagrowth and vascularization, human chorionic gonadotropic hormone (HCG) levelandbirthweight. Rats in group 1 were selected as control group and were not in exposure of smoke and not exercised. Rats in group 2 were exercised for 5 days in week for 3 weeks. Rats in group 3 were in the cigarette smoke exposurewithout exercise. Finally, rats in group 4 were forced to exercise and were in the exposure of cigarette smoke, simultaneously.Six rats from each group were killed after 3 weeks of pregnancy and the number of blood vessels, placenta decidual thickness, and HCG level were analyzed. Birthweight and weight of offspringafter 60 days in each group were also evaluated. Results showed that the number of blood vessels and HCG level were decrease in animals which exposed to smoke and exercise (P<0.05),however, the spatula decidua thickness did not changed significantly. The offspring birthweight in group 4 was decreased significantly (P<0.001) in comparison with control group. Accordingly, the offspring birthweight in group 3 and 4 was decrease significantly compared to group 2 (P<0.01). On the otherhand, the weight of offspring in day 60 in group 3 was less than group 4. In conclusion, both exercise and smoking have negative effect on blood vessels, HCG level, and offspringbirthweight, however, there is synergic effect when rats were in exposure of smoke and exercise, simultaneously.

KEYWORDS: CigaretteSmoke; Exercise; Pregnancy; Placenta; Birthweight

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