Economic Effectiveness and Agricultural Indicators of Combinations Grafting-Varieties of Apple Plants

Islam A. Beyahmedov

Guba Regional Agrarian-Science and Innovation Center, Azerbaijan R.

Corresponding Author E-mail: islam.beyehmedov@mail.ru,

DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2882

ABSTRACT:

Research was carried out in the north-eastern part of the republic, in the Khuba-Khachmaz  zone. Was carried out a comparative analysis of apple varieties on the different grafting  and landing schemes. Namely, on the generative rootstock in the gardens, established in the village of Timiryazev of the Khuba region, according to the scheme 5x4m, in the village of Yeni  Hayat of the Khusar region on the grafting  M9 according to the scheme 4х1,25м and in the village of Dashliyatakh of the Shabran ragion on the grafting MM106 according to the scheme 5x3 m. The agricultural yield was calculated to the formula, proposed by A.S Ovsyannikov by the formula; У_a= У_s х S_a х N : 100; here У_s - Specific productivity, kg / m² crown projection; S_a - area occupied by crown projection, м²;  N – Number of trees per hectare; 100- for transfer of kg, in centners / hectare. To determine the optimum area for plant nutrition were used generally accepted formula:  S_op = (D- 0,3) x (D+2)м² ; D  is the diameter of the crown in the period of full fruiting, м; 2- necessary gleam between rows, м; 0,3- the possibility of penetration of branches into the crown of a neighboring tree, м. Economic efficiency was determined by the method proposed by P. V.Dubrava. The results of research  is different combinations varieties-grafting. It was determined that all varieties shows high profitability on different grafting. Also, identified a significant impact of the grafting both to the morphometric parameters, to the productivity and economic productivity of varieties. Varieties on the generative rootstock having a relatively large area of crown projection (11.3 m²), respectively, reduce the productivity of the crown to 3.63 kg / m², against of, having the smaller area of the  crown projection (2.43 ... 7.96 m²) and accordingly high productivity (11.70 ... 5.40 kg / m²) on the clonal grafting as M9 and MM106. Relatively less crown volume creates conditions for reducing the area of supply  trees, thereby increase the number of trees per unit area and, accordingly, an increase the agrecultural harvest per hectare. This helps to increase the level of net income of varieties on clonal grafting. They have a net income of 3622.97 ....  16335.91 AZN is more than in the varieties of generative rootstock  (3029.57 AZN). Accordingly, indicators of agrcultural produoctivity, in varieties on clonal grafting, vastly more (correspondingly 598.92 ... 352.56 center / ha) than in the varieties on the generative rootstock  (247.87 center / ha). At the same time, high and high quality productivity of varieties on clonal grafting contributes to the increase in net income and, together with them, the profitability of production. It should be noted that, the profitability of farming in gardens on generative grafting is 100.06%, then this indicator in apple gardens, on clonal grafting is much higher and amounts of 147.54% on MM106 and 381.14% on M9.

KEYWORDS: Apple; Economic Efficiency; Grafting; Harvest; Net Income; Profitability; Productivity; Variety

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