Association of Non-Genetic Risk Factors with Prostate Cancer in the Population of Jammu Region of J and K, India

Sourabh Sharma¹, Rahul Gupta², Jyotdeep Kour Raina³, Ravi Sharma⁴, Parvinder Kumar⁴ and Rakesh Kumar Panjaliya^4*

¹Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, J and K, India, 180006

²Department of Urology, Govt. Super Speciality Hospital, Jammu, J and K, India, 180016

³GGM Science College, Jammu, J and K, India, 180001

⁴Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, J and K, India, 180006

Corresponding Author E-mail: rakeshpanjaliya@jammuuniversity.ac.in

DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3108

ABSTRACT: The rising incidence rates of prostate cancer (CAP) have become a global health disorder. Its complex aetiology includes potentially modifiable environmental factors and non-modifiable genetic components. In this study, we aimed to identify the potential and significant non-genetic risk factors associated with CAP in the population of Jammu and Kashmir. A total of 320 study subjects (120 clinically confirmed CAP patients and 200 healthy age-matched unrelated participants) were registered for this investigation after obtaining their prior consent. A predesigned health questionnaire and hospital-based patient history were used to collect data about clinical variables, sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric parameters, and biochemical indices. The result revealed that dietary patterns (non-vegetarianism, p=0.01), lack of physical activity (p=0.0007), dwelling (urban residents, p=0.0105), higher levels of serum LDL-cholesterol (p=<0.0001),  triglyceride (p=0.01),  VLDL-cholesterol (p=0.02), total cholesterol (p=0.0527), creatinine (p=0.0006), sodium (p=0.0429), urea (p=0.0006), and PSA (p=<0.0001) were significantly associated with CAP. Moreover, higher mean age (69.82±15.5), the extent/duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) (p=0.0007), lack of physical activity (p=0.0007), high intake of red meat (p=0.0005), LDL-Cholesterol (p=<0.0001) and positive family history (p=<0.0001) were found to be the most significant risk factors for CAP. The study notably identified the novel (extent/duration of diabetes and serum levels of LDL, VLDL) non-genetic risk factors associated with prostate cancer in the population of the Jammu region of J&K.

KEYWORDS: Cases; Controls; Clinical Variables; Prostate cancer (CAP); Risk Factors

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