A Step Towards Combating Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Prescriptive and Programmes – A Review

Vatsa Kapadia¹, Ashish Wadhwani^1*, Rihana Begum², Sivasankaran Ponnusankar² , Praveen Mohadeb³, Medha Gujadhur³ and Piyush Kumar⁴

¹Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India

²Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Nilgiris -643001, Tamil Nadu, India

³Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Vacoas, Mauritius

⁴JSS College of Pharmacy, Najwal, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Corresponding Author E-mail: dradwadhwani@jssuni.edu.in

DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3271

ABSTRACT: Antimicrobial resistance is one of the pandemic concerns that lead to morbidity and mortality. The unregulated use of antibiotics results in strains and genes which are resistant to antibiotics. In general, mutations resulting in antimicrobial resistance alter the antibiotic action via one of the mechanisms: modifications of the antimicrobial target; a decrease in the drug uptake; activation of efflux mechanisms to extrude the harmful molecule, or; global changes in important metabolic pathways via modulation of regulatory networks.  Furthermore, a shortage of financing, as well as tight rules governing the production and marketing of new pharmaceutical treatments, contribute to an increase in antimicrobial resistance. Specialized organizations concerned with worldwide public health, such as the United Nations (UN) and the World Health Organization (WHO), have identified antibiotic resistance as an issue that necessitates globally coordinated efforts and the utmost care. The WHO has founded many national and international surveillance programmes across various countries. Some of the Indian government's programs are the Red Line Initiative, Chennai Declaration, Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, National AMR Containment Program, National Health Policy, National Action Plan on NAP-AMR antimicrobial resistance, etc. These monitoring programmes' findings clearly indicate that sensible antibiotic usage, appropriate antibiotic knowledge, awareness and the development of novel medications will all aid us in combating the antimicrobial resistance issue. This review article discusses worldwide programmes and activities to combat developing and growing antimicrobial resistance that are being implemented by various Indian states and in Mauritius.

KEYWORDS: Antibiotics; Antimicrobial resistance; Microorganisms; Policies; Programmes

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