Phytochemical and Biological Studies of the Aerial Parts of Carissa Edulis Growing In Saudi Arabia

Hanan Al-youssef¹ and Wafaa H. B. Hassan^1,2*

¹Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh Saudi Arabia. ²Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig Egypt. Corresponding Author E-mail:wafhassan2004@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT: In this study we aimed to isolate and characterize the different chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Carissa edulis in addition to investigate the biological activities including anti-inflammatory, diuretics and the effect on cardiovascular system. Chemical investigation of the aerial parts of Carissa edulis afforded eleven compounds, chlorogenic acid -1- ethyl ether-1-methyl ester (1), caffeic acid methyl ester (2), kaempferol (3), quercetin- 3-O-glucoside-7, 3‘, 4‘ trimethyl ether (4), rutin (5), pinitol (6), b-amyrin (7), lupeol (8), stigmasterol glucoside (9), b –sitosterol (10) and b –sitosterol glucoside (11). The structures of compounds 1-6 were unambiguously established by using UV, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and MS spectrometry. This is the first report of isolation of compound 1 from nature. The biological study of the different extracts showed that the butanol extract exerted higher anti-inflammatory effect than ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts. Also the chloroform extract showed the highest diuretic effect. On the other hand, the aqueous extract exerted a significant decrease in the arterial blood pressure at a dose of 200 mg/kg while the petroleum ether extract produced the highest decrease in heart rate at the same dose.

KEYWORDS: Carissa edulis; chlorogenic acid derivative; flavonoids; phenolic compounds

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