Manuscript accepted on :
Published online on: 12-01-2016
Hossein Abasian1, Hassanreza zeyn Abadi2, Maryam Sasanian*3
1Assistant Professor oF Department of Management, University of Al-Khwarizmi, Karaj, Iran 2Assistant Professor oF Department of Management, University of Al-Khwarizmi, Karaj, Iran 3A graduate student in Department of Education, University of Al-Khwarizmi, Karaj, Iran
DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/1956
ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of educational services Technical Complex Tehran (Tehran representation) is based on SERVQUEL model. SERVQUEL model has dimensions of tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy is. The purpose of this study, is an applied research and the collection of data and analysis is a descriptive study and survey. The population of the study consisted of all students complexes of Tehran (representing Alborz) up to 285 people, among them a randomly selected sample. Data were collected by questionnaire Parasuraman (1994) that its validity and reliability were confirmed by standard methods. In this study, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistic and descriptive data to determine the normality of the data and Wilcoxon tests were used to test the hypotheses. The results show that in all aspects of Servquel (of tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy) between what the students understand and what about the quality of educational services is expected, there is a significant difference at the 0.05 level
KEYWORDS: assessment; educational services; SERVQUEL; complexes of Tehran
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Introduction
In a competitive environment, organizations are competing to attract customers, customer satisfaction is a key element in the success and excellence of services provided by organizations and an important factor for profitability and customer loyalty to the organization (Manuel, 2008) . Today, more than ever, the issue of quality of service as an important factor for growth, success and sustainability of the organization and as a matter of strategic, effective and comprehensive management of organizations has been on the agenda (Daglas and Firdaus, 2006). As organizations have realized the extent to which expectations and feedback Lack of information on customers’ perceptions of the services provided to organizations, will create problems (Alvani and Riahi, 2003)
Today, countries in the globalization process and join the competition system that does not provide some of the numerous challenges faced. Including management challenges organizations are faced with the issue of quality (Sahney et al, 2006). Quality of service is an important factor for the growth, success and sustainability of the organization. Therefore, improving service quality and is in charge of most of the most important duties of the institute or university (Sohrabi and Majidi,2013). The definition of service quality depends on the individual and mean different things to different people involved. More definitions are based reference service quality and to satisfy them have been developed. So, definition of service quality to correspond with the service received and the needs and expectations. Compare the quality of service is something that customers feel they should be (expectations) by a judgment which has the services (perceptions). This is defined as the difference between customer expectations of product and service, and this is because of customer dissatisfaction (Enayati et al,2011). Overall quality is a complex concept and various aspects (Shieldes, 1999) and its meaning varies according to the mentality of the people. Quality can be anything appropriate to use a specific definition (Enayati et al,2011)
Education in any society vital role in the development of various aspects of economic, social and cultural. So that the growth and development of all systems related to the development of quantitative and qualitative aspects of education, especially higher education. In other words, developing countries are tied to the educational system (Karimiyan et al, 1390). The concept of quality in education is not easy to define the complexity and uncertainty of the quality of the education process and how this process is formed, it is difficult to define, experts believe that the concept of quality, without form and therefore not measurable.
.On the other hand, to evaluate the quality, traditional attitudes, characteristics of the goods or services as defined quality criteria. However, based on new methods and approaches, define quality customer demands. Due to the fact that most of the knowledge management services and perceptions of consumers’ perceptions of their actual proportion does not exist and this would damage the quality of service, quality assessment from the perspective of the recipients of the services will be necessary. Obtain feedback from the consumers’ or customers helps logical that the need for continuous improvement is due to the limitations of time and resources prioritized (Chein and Pun, 2002)
Students who are the main clients are trained and have attracted the most attention. There are two views on the importance of students as clients: One view is that as the incoming and outgoing students involved in the learning process. Another view is that potential employers, students considered as primary customers and believe that the market should take into account the economic reality and the needs of employers and students consider appropriate for the content. In both views the students as customers are important (Yeo, 2008). Now in the world the students about all aspects of education provided in educational institutions as a necessary check and monitor the quality of the university is considered to be (Hill and Lomas, 2003)
have. Open these institutions has led to more competition between them, and each try to grow the quality of educational services so that they can attract more students. According to the description provided and the importance of assessing the quality of educational services from two aspects, one country’s need for quality educational services to train specialists and other competition among educational institutions in order to attract more customers, in this research seeks to assess the quality of educational services Complex of Technical Tehran (Tehran representation) as one of the institutions at the state level can be raised. For this purpose, the models used to evaluate the services of Servquel.
Research Methodology
The purpose of applied research and the method is descriptive-survey. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of educational services Technical Complex Tehran (Tehran representation) is based on SERVQUEL model. SERVQUEL model dimensions upon which the assessment is paid educational services are the tangible elements, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy is. To collect the data, and library field were used. A use of a questionnaire and standard questionnaire Parasuraman (1994) was used. In this study, the validity of the number of professors and experts in the field of education planning and management training were used. And finally to determine the validity, the final questionnaire was given to a number of experts and after the discussion and resolution of ambiguities, was approved. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed with high integration. Also, factor analysis was used for construct validity of the results obtained in the model are outlined below.
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Figure 1: Test the model in a standardized coefficients |
Results and considering the load factor is also specified in the above form and given that the factor loadings greater than 0.5. So the narrative questions are approved. Indicators are listed in the following table. More fitting indicators as satisfactory and two indicators confirm that the average model. Overall, all the indicators fit assessment can be concluded that the model is acceptable indicators and overall showed a good fit to the data model. Fitting indicators obtained, data comply with the model and model to confirm the result.
Table 1: Indices fit
Interpretation
|
Result
|
Optimum
|
Indicators | Type Indicator |
Lack of good fitness
|
0.05 > P
|
0.05<P
|
Chi-Square (chi-square test)
|
Absolute
|
Good fitness
|
0.92 | 0.90<P
|
) GFI (goodness of fit index) | |
Fitting average
|
0.085 | 0.08>P
|
RMSEA (the square root of the variance estimation error of approximation | |
Good fitness
|
0.93 | 0.90<P
|
CFI (comparative fit index)) | Relative
|
Good fitness
|
0.91 | 0.90<P | NFI (soft fit index) | |
Fitting average
|
0.87 | 0.90<P | IFI (incremental fit index) | |
Good fitness
|
0.54 | 0.50<P | AGFI (Adjusted fitness index) | Concise or thrifty |
Good fitness
|
0.63 | P>0.50 | PGFI (index goodness of fit thrifty | |
Good fitness | 2.56 | 3≥ INDEX ≥2 | df Chi-Square (chi-square proportion to the degree of freedom) |
The study also used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, after collecting complete the questionnaire, Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient was evaluated with the following results have been reported. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient is 0.954 and the Cronbach’s alpha values results in Table 2 have been reported. As it is an all variables are acceptable reliability and Cronbach’s alpha of all variables after the completion of the questionnaires more than the standard 0.7
Table 2: Cronbach’s alpha coefficient
Cronbach’s alpha coefficient |
Dimension
|
0.823 | Tangible factors
|
0.824 | Factors Reliability
|
0.822 | Power of Accountability
|
0.709 | Factors trust
|
0.824 | Of empathy
|
0.954 | Total Inventory |
The population of the study consisted of all students complexes of Tehran Branch of the Alborz province. For stratified random sampling method was performed. The classes consist of courses that the students are randomly selected to answer the questionnaire. To measure the sample size in this study used a formula based on the population of a community is limited to the following sample is used for this purpose.
The formula z_ (α / 2) of the normal value corresponding to 95 percent (z_ (α / 2) = 1.96); ε: amount authorized is wrong with the self-diagnosis based on probability sampling error calculation is (ε = 0.05); N: the population size is around 1,100; P value of 0.5 is considered. Because in this case, n is to find the maximum possible amount.
The study analyzed data from Kolmogorov – Smirnov and non Nrmval according to the data by the Wilcoxon test was used.
Findings
According to the analysis of the demographic data of the sample is as follows:
Table 3: demographics
Female 39.3% | Male 60.7% | Sex | ||||
50 and above 1.4% | 40-50 years 19.3% | 30-40 years 21.1% | 20-30 years 42.1% | Less than 20 16.1% | Age | |
PhD 9.7% | MA 29.5% | Bachelor of 40.4% | Diploma 20.4% | Diploma or less 0% | Education |
In the current study to detect the normal use of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test has been obtained that sig value is 0.00 for all data and when this amount is less than 0.05 then we null hypothesis of normality of the data or society one hypothesis is rejected and accepted. That is not a normal society. Given the non-normality of the community to test the hypotheses, nonparametric Wilcoxon test is a test that is used when the results are specified in the table below.
Table 4: Results of the Wilcoxon test
Total Ratings | Average Rating | Total | ||
64.50 | 21.50 | 3a | Negative Rating | Tangible factors perceived and expected |
39275.50 | 141.79 | 227b | Positive Ratings | |
5c | Ties | |||
285 | Sum | |||
480.00 | 25.26 | 19d | Negative Rating | Reliability perceived and expected |
36105.00 | 143.84 | 251e | Positive Ratings | |
15f | Ties | |||
285 | Sum | |||
415.50 | 27.70 | 15g | Negative Rating | Accountability perceived and expected |
39205.50 | 149.39 | 266h | Positive Ratings | |
4i | Ties | |||
285 | Sum | |||
135.50 | 22.58 | J6 | Negative Rating | Guaranteed perceived and expected |
38090.50 | 141.08 | 2702k | Positive Ratings | |
9l | Ties | |||
285 | Sum | |||
740.50 | 41.14 | M18 | Negative Rating | Empathy perceived and expected |
38040.50 | 146.31 | N260 | Positive Ratings | |
O7 | Ties | |||
285 | Sum |
a tangible factors expected <perceived tangible factors
b tangible factors expected> perceived tangible factors
c tangible factors expected to understand the tangible factor.
d expected Reliability> Reliability perceived
e expected Reliability> Reliability perceived
f = the expected reliability perceived reliability
g meet the expected <accountability perceived
h meet the expected> perceived accountability
i meet the expected respondents perceived
j ensure the expected <guarantee perceived
k ensure the expected> perceived guarantee
l = assurance perceived guarantee expected
m empathy expected <empathy perceived
n empathy expected> perceived empathy
o Expected = empathy perceived empathy
Table 5: z-statistics and the Wilcoxon test sig
Tangible factors perceived and expected | Reliability perceived and expected | Accountability perceived and expected | Guaranteed perceived and expected | Tangible factors perceived and expected | |
Z | -14.464* | 13.882*- | 14.235*- | 14.321* | -13.931* |
SIG | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Based on negatives*
As in the above tables that are Wilcoxon test result is clear, according to statistics obtained z and a sig that is smaller than 0.05 every five hypothesis is confirmed. In other words, the results show that the dimensions of tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy perceived and expected there are gaps. According to Table 4, and negative values of z statistics can be concluded that the students of this institution are understanding of what is expected of them located in the lower level. Depending on what the students have understood the situation and using the Friedman test to rank these five dimensions have been studied to determine what the institution is in a better position. The results are given in the following table:
Table 6: Ranking of Servquel
Rating average | Rank | Index Tangible |
3 | 2.68 | factors |
2 | 3.17 | Reliability |
1 | 3.37 | Accountability |
4 | 2.61 | Assurance |
2 | 3.17 | Empathy |
285 | number of samples |
56.399 | Chi |
4 | Degrees of freedom |
0.000 | Sig |
Ranking the five dimensions of SERVQUEL model suggests that the answer is in the first rank and two of reliability and empathy with an average rating of 3.17 in second place and so on tangible factors and ensure the third and fourth is in place.
Discussion and Conclusion
The results of the research show that students from these five factors are perceived and what is expected of them there.
Because there is a difference between expected and perceived tangible factors institution managers should pay particular attention to tangible factors. In other words, such as sorting and qualified staff are nice and pleasant environment, there are signs at the Institute in order to guide students, students with easy access to different parts of the form are legible and clear, easy to understand and complete, they pay attention .
The result of this hypothesis with the results of the investigation Enayati Fard and others (2011), Rezaeian and others2011), Ghalavandi and others (2012), S. and Majidi (2013), Bradley (2006), Brachadv (2009),Abyly and others (2012) were consistent with the results Hunter was born (2011) and Tsynydv (2010) is not consistent.
Because there is a difference between expected and perceived reliability institution managers should pay particular attention to reliability. In other words, such as providing proper service by the staff, especially at the time of presentation, serve in the time promised, enthusiastic staff and take responsibility and correct the mistakes and the ability staff and faculty and offer solutions heed.
The result of this hypothesis with the results of the investigation majesty (1384), Sir Molaei (2008), providential, oven and others (2011), Rezaeian and others (2011), Ghalavandi and others (2012), S. and Majidi (2013), Bradley (2006), Brachadv (2009), Hunter M. (2011), Tsynydv (2010) and ABili and others (2012), is consistent.
Because there is a difference between expected and perceived accountability of managers should pay particular attention to accountability. In other words, such as suitability of the staff and faculty at busy times, provide information on the previous and new services, guidance and proposals to clients and students, facilitate communication with the authorities and appropriate authorities and staff’s response time by telephone or written note.
The result of this hypothesis with the results of the investigation majesty (1384), Sir Molaei (2008), providential, oven and others (2011), Rezaeian and others (2011), Ghalavandi and others (2012), Bradley (2006), Brachadv ( 2009), Hunter M. (2011), Tsynydv (2010) and Byly and others (2012), is consistent with the results Sohrabi and Majidi (2013) is not consistent.
The result of this hypothesis with the results of the investigation majesty (2005), providential, Fard and others (2011), Rezaeian and others (2011), Ghalavandi and others (2012), Brachadv (2009), Hunter M. (2011), Tsynydv (2010) and Byly and others (2012), is consistent with the results Sohrabi and Majidi (2013), Sir Molaei (2008) and Bradley (2006) is not consistent.
Because there is a difference between empathy perceived and expected institution managers should pay particular attention to empathy. In other words, such as allocation of time to the student according to his request, help and compassion to students in case of a problem for him, offering services in weekends and listen to students, and to Him friendly relations.
The result of this hypothesis with the results of the investigation majesty (2005), Sir Molaei (2008), S. and Majidi (2013), providential, oven and others (1390), Rezaeian and others (2012), Ghalavandi and others (2013), Brachadv (2009), Hunter M. (2011), Tsynydv (2010) and Byly and others (2012), in line with the results of research and Bradley (2006) is not consistent.
The following suggestions are offered based on the results of the research.
Emphasis on tangible factors with an emphasis on orderliness and qualified staff, delightful and pleasant environment for visitors and students, the installation of signs to guide students, students with easy access to different parts of the design and legible form of and sentences that can be easily understood.
Emphasis on reliability by providing proper service by the staff, especially in the first visit in order to attract clients, serving at the time promised to give the impression that to fulfill the obligations of the institution, positive, motivation the employees to take responsibility and correct the mistakes and empowerment of staff and selection of outstanding teachers in order to provide appropriate solutions to students.
Emphasis on accountability, with an emphasis on proper treatment of staff, especially at busy times, as well as teachers in the classroom, providing information on previous and new services in order to increase awareness of patrons and the Students for a proposal to the tips and accelerate the processes of learning, ease of communication with the authorities in order to receive comments, suggestions and suitability of staff and officials by telephone and a written response to address fast to the problems students
Emphasis on creating space and culture in order to ensure a faithful and trusted confidant of the staff and officials of the Institute, provided clear answers to students by the directors and staff of the Institute for the loss of students and apprize questions and problems, students There are changes in order to avoid inconsistencies and earn the most interest from students.
Emphasis on empathy with appropriate time allocated to the student in accordance with his request, so that students feel important and he needs to fix the effort to help sympathy to the student at the time of problems him in order to to feel close to the student with the institution, providing services at weekends to increase the relevance and accessibility of students with and listening to the student and his friendly relations with students to reduce conflicts and relationship management.
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