Manuscript accepted on : February 02, 2010
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Physico-chemical analysis of drinking water of Karond, MIC Gas effected area of Bhopal (M.P.) India
H. C. Kataria
Department of Chemistry, Government Geetanjali Girls P.G. College, Bhopal - 462 038 (India).
ABSTRACT: Physico-chemical analysis of groundwater (bore-wells) of gas affected area Karond of Bhopal city has been studied in winter, summer and monsoon seasons for one year 2009-10. Parameters temperature, pH, EC, free CO2, Chloride, total alkalinity, T-H, Ca-H and mg-H were reported in the range of 22-29oC, 6.4-7.4, 292-710 mmhos/cm, 6.2-36.8, 78-130, 124-208, 64.8-108.4, 36.4-160.2 and 18.2-32.4 ppm respectively while D.O., B.O.D., C.O.D., nitrate, sulphate, fluoride and MPN has identified in the range of 1.16-1.90, 2.24-3.12, 22.4-78.8, 4.8-16.9, 34.2-90.4, 0.6-1.2 ppm and 6.4-980 NO/100 ml. respectively.
KEYWORDS: Ground water; MPN; Coliform; bacteria; permissible limits; damage; deterioration; sterilized
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Indtrodiction
Water is the most vital necessity of life. It is in abundance 97.3% of the world’s water is ocean water i.e. salty and can not be used for agricultural, domestic and industrial purpose, 0.6% is stream’s and lake water and 2.1% (i.e. 8.5 x 1015 m3) is groundwater, occurs at the depth of 80 m to 150 m below the ground surface according to distribution. Ground water is an important source of water supply throughout the world. The increase in population coupled with unplanned urbanisation and industrialization has resulted damage and deterioration in ground water quality.
Bhopal is the capital of Madhya Pradesh. Water samples of bore-wells water are collected in 2 lit clean polythene jerry-canes after flushing the bore-wells to analysis. The procedure has adopted as prescribed by APHA (1985), NEERI (1986). Presiterilized battles are used to collect the D.O. and B.O.D. samples.
Table 1: Physico-chemical Analsysis of Borewells water of Karond area during 2009-10Mean seasonal values.
Parameters | Unit | SS1 | SS2 | SS3 | SS4 | SS5 | SS6 | SS7 | SS8 |
Temperature
pH EC Free CO2 Chloride Total alkalinity Total hardness Ca-H Mg-H D.O. B.O.D. C.O.D. Nitrate Sulphate Fluoride MPN |
oC
pH Scale mmohos/cm. ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm/100 ml. |
27.0
6.5 480 6.2* 100.8 148 64.8* 38.4 26.4 1.24 2.4 52.4 4.8* 36.8 0.6* 6.4* |
24.8
6.8 512 6.6 112.6 154 68.8 36.4* 32.4** 1.16* 2.24* 56.8 5.6 46.4 0.64 7.2 |
22.4
6.7 478 7.0 98.4 138.0 70.2 44.4 25.8 1.36 2.32 78.8** 8.4 38.4 0.72 16.0 |
22.0*
6.4* 476 7.2 96.4 136 78.4 53.8 24.6 1.34 2.42 78.8 5.9 36.4 0.80 8.0 |
28.8
6.9 516 7.8 78.0* 144 68.2 50.0 18.2* 1.60 3.12** 22.4* 10.8 34.2* 0.90 100.0 |
29*
7.2 378* 6.4 122.4 208** 112 82 30 1.64 2.4 25.6 12.4 72.8 0.64 884 |
26.5
7.0 292 6.3 128 220 118 86 32 1.84 2.64 48.4 16.9** 80.2 0.70 988** |
27.0
7.4** 710* 36.8** 130** 124* 180.4** 160.2** 20.2 1.90** 2.08 78.4 8.6 90.4** 1.2** 960 |
*Minimum **Maximum value
SS1 = Sindhi Colony SS5 = P.G.B.T. Campus
SS2 = Kaji Camp SS6 = Near Railway Crossing
SS3 = DIG Bungalow SS7 = Karond Chouraha
SS4 = Gautam Nagar Thana SS8 = Arif Nagar (Near Union Carbide Factory)
Temperature, pH, EC in the present study is varied from 22-29oC, 6.4-7.4, 292-712 mmhos/cm respectively, while free CO2 chloride, Total alkalinity in the range of 6.2 – 36.8, 78-130 and 124-208 ppm respectively. Higher values are found at SS8, the gas affected area of union carbide factory. Total Hardness Ca-H, Mg-H, D.O., B.O.D. & C.O.D. ranges from 64.8 at SS1 – 180.4 at SS8, 36.4 (at SS2) – 160.2, 18.2 – 32.4, 1.16 – 1.90, 2.24 – 3.12 and 22.4 (at SS5) – 78.8 (at SS3) ppm respectively. Nitrate, SO42 and F– has found within the range of 4.8 (at SS1) – 16.9, 34.2 – 90.4 and 0.6 – 1.2 (at SS8) ppm respectively.
To estimate the number of presumptive coliforms (MPN count) present in water by inoculation of appropriate volume of a number of tubes of medium (Mac Conkey Brath) 10, 1 and 0.1 ml. of sample inoculated in 3 sets of 5 test tubes each containing 19 ml. of medium on inoculation, it is assumed that each test tube receives 1 ml. or more viable organisms (bacteria) in the inoculum to show positive (+)ve reaction and growth of bacteria in the medium used. MPN has ranged in this study from 6.4 (at SS1) to 988 (at SS7) / 100 ml. of sample is beyond the prescribed limit of WHO (1978) and IS:10500.
The findings are similar with those of Kataria (2000, 2005, 2009), Rangwala KS and P.S.Rangwala, Most of the parameters in the present study are found within the prescribed limits of IS:10500 while MPN, SO4—, NO3– & F– are found in increasing trends.
Reference
- Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater APHA, 13th ed., New York (1985).
- IS:10500 : Indian Standard Specification for drinking water ISI, New Delhi (1988)
- Kataria, H.C., Gupta S.S. and Jain, O.P., Poll. Res., 14(4), 455-562 (1996).
- Kataria, H.C., Preliminary Study of Drinking Water of Pipariya Township, Poll. Res., 19(4), 645-649 (2000).
- H.C. Kataria, et.al., Biochemical Evaluation of Groundwater of Karond area of Bhopal, India, Asian J. of Chemistry Vol. 17,No. 4, 2815-2817 (2005).
- H.C. Kataria and Shahla Bux. : Hydrochemical analysis of groundwater of BHEL area of Bhopal city, IJEP 29 (8) : 705-709 (2009).
- NEERI : Manual on Water and Wastewater Analysis, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 340 (1986).
- Rangwala, K.S. and Rangwala P.S., Water supply and sanitary engineering character Publ. House Anand (Vely), India, 12th Ed., 43, 44 (1927).
- WHO, Environmental Health Criteria, 5, Genewa (1978).
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