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Sharma K, Luka R, Tiwari P. Isolation of Airborne Fungal Flora from Poultry Farm. Biosci Biotech Res Asia 2010;7(2)
Manuscript received on : September 03, 2010
Manuscript accepted on : October 12, 2010
Published online on:  28-12-2010
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Isolation of Airborne Fungal Flora from Poultry Farm

Kavita Sharma1, Rita Luka2 and P. Tiwari3

1Arts and Commerce Girls College, Raipur India.

2Girls college Bilaspur India.

3Government Science College Raipur India.

Corresponding Author E-mail: drktsharma@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: Observation of airborne fungal flora was carried out at poultry farm situated in Bilaspur (C.G.) India. The culture plate method was used to determine air borne fungi from poultry farm during the period of Feb. 2009 to May 2009. Fungal spores recorded were representatives of the three major groups i.e. Zygomycotina, Anamorphic fungi and Mycelia sterilia. A total of 19 fungi were isolated from air of poultry farm. In summer season, maximum percentage contribution observed for Cladosporium sphaerospermum was (17.01%) followed by Aspergillus niger (15.4%), Alternaria alternata (8.04%), Aspergillus flavus (7.21%), Aspergillus nidulans, (5.67%), While minimum (0.51%) percentage contribution was observed for Aspergillus ochraceus. The maximum fungal species belonged to anamorphic fungi. In air total 388 fungal colonies represented 19 fungal species were observed during the present investigation period. Out of 19 fungal species, 02 from Zygomycotina, 15 from anamorphic fungi and 02 from Mycelia sterilia were observed. Cladosporium sphaerospermum showed the maximum percentage contribution of total aero-mycoflora. The results provide to be helpful to allergologist and clinician in treatment of fungal related disease.

KEYWORDS: Poultry farm; Aspergillus niger; aero mycoflora

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Introduction

Fungal spores are among the most common airborne bioparticles in air and play an important role in biodeterioration, allergy and many diseases. Composition and concentration of airborne mycoflora depend on several factors including topography, time of day, meteorological conditions, types of vegetation, air pollution, agricultural, industrial and other human activities.  The present paper deals with the aerobiological survey of poultry farm of Bilaspur (C.G.). Aerobiological studies are of great importance as they provide with qualitative and quantative information about airborne fungi in a given region. Airborne fungi are considered to be an indicator of the level of atmospheric biopollution. Air consists of a mixture of permanent gases and water in different proportions, solid particles, pollen- grains and fungal spores.

Materials And Methods

 The gravity petriplate exposure method was used for the trapping of fungal species using PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) media at fortnightly intervals. Three Petri plates were exposed for 5 to 10 min. in poultry farm of Bilaspur city. The exposed petriplates were brought to laboratory and incubated at 28 ± 1˚C for 6 to 8 days. At the end of incubation period the fungal colonies were counted, isolated and identified with the help of available literature. (Barnett, 1969; Nigmani et al. 2006).

Results And Discussions

During the investigation period total 388 fungal colonies belonging to 19 species were observed. The major types of fungal flora were Cladosporium sphaerospermum  (17.01%) Aspergillus niger (15.4%), Alternaria alternata (8.04%), Aspergillus flavus (7.21%), Aspergillus nidulans, (5.67%), to the total air spore {table1}.

Table 1: Percentage Contribution of Fungi.

S.No. Name of Fungi Total  

% Contribution
Zygomycotina
1. Mucor sp. 05 1.28
2. Rhizopus  sp. 18 4.63
Anamorphic fungi    
3. Alternaria sp. I 32 8.24
4. Alternaria  sp.II 06 1.54
5. Aspergillus flavus 28 7.21
6. Aspergillus  fumigatus 22 5.67
7. Aspergillus niger 60 15.4
8. Aspergillus ochraceus 02 0.51
9. Aspergillus nidulans 22 5.67
10. Cladosporium sp. I 66 17.01
11. Cladosporium  sp.II 22 5.67
12. Curvularia  sp.I 14 3.60
13. Curvularia  sp.II 08 2.06
14. Curvularia  sp.III 03 0.77
15. Nigrospora  sp. 03 0.77
16. Penicillium  sp. 22 5.67
17. Pestalotiopsis  sp. 03 0.77
Mycelia sterilia    
    18. Mycelia sterilia  black 22 5.67
    19. Mycelia sterilia  white 30 7.73
    Total no. of fungal colonies 388

The results of present investigation revel with various work done by researchers.Singh et.al. (2000), Sharma and Dutta(2001),Devi et.al. (2002) isolated important fungal types Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Alternaria, and Penicillium from different poultry farms. Roymon et.al. (2007) observed Aspergillus, Cladosporium in common public places.  Aspergillus sp. was observed throughout the study period & Anamorphic fungi recorded as the most contributed fungal group similar result was also reported by Tiwari et al. (2006). Singh (1988) from Delhi reported that the poultry workers dealing with chicken feed have highest incidence of respiratory disorders. The results provide to be helpful to allergologist and clinician in treatment of fungal related disease.

References

  1. Barnett, H.K. (1969)” Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi.” Mins Burgss Pub. Co. Minneapolis, Minnesota.
  2. Devi N,Dhar B,Sarma G.C.(2002) Airspora of semi urben area of Guwahati city.Indian J.Aerobiol 5(1&2) 20-31.
  3. Nagamani, A., Kunwar, I.K. and Manoharachary, C. (2006) Handbook of Soil Fungi. I. K. International Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi (India).
  4. Roymon,M.G., Nafde, Seema K., Mukherjee, Arpita., Talukdar, Ayantika.(2007). Identification of some commonly occurring fungi isolated from indoor air samples of common public places. 14th Nat Conf. p34.
  5. Sharma D and Dutta B.K. (2001)Observation on the aeromycoflora of indoor working environments of Silchar. . Indian J.Aerobiol 14,8-15.
  6. Singh A.B. (1988) Airborne fungi of allergenic significance in workplace environment.In Recent trends in Mycosis Proc. Of Nat.Sympo. on Mycosis.9-18.
  7. Singh Mohendro,Singh W,Sharma M.H.& Irabanta Singh.(2000)Airborne fungi from indoor air of a poultry farm at Lamangdong,Manipur. Indian J.Aerobiol 13(1&2)20-24.
  8. Tiwari, K.L., Jadhav, S.K. and Kunjam, S.R. (2006) Aeromycoflora of Slum area of Raipur (C.G.). Ad. Plant Sci. 19(II) P: 387-390
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